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MOS
Markets · Options · Signal
April 22, 2026 · All times ET
Regime RECOVERY Day 8
Market Snapshot · 09:52 ET
S&P 500
708.58
+0.64%
Nasdaq
649.14
+0.75%
Dow
494.92
+0.72%
Russell 2k
277.12
+0.95%
VIX
19.04
-2.36%
20Y Bond
87.05
+0.55%
Gold
436.54
+1.62%
Silver
70.71
+3.23%
Oil
128.02
-0.18%
USD
27.41
-0.22%
CNN Fear & Greed
69 Greed
wk +11 · mo +53
AAII Survey 2026-04-15
▲ 31.7% / ▼ 42.8% / 25.5%
spread -11.1 · avg bull 31.0%
Key Technical Levels
SPY Trend: Neutral Sup: 675.19 Res: 712.39 RSI: 70.0
QQQ Trend: Bullish Sup: 607.34 Res: 650.46 RSI: 72.7
Econ Calendar
5 high-impact · Wed Apr 22 – Thu Apr 23 · as of 09:52 ET
Wed Apr 22
02:00 GB CPI (YoY) (Mar) — est. 3.3%, prev. 3.0%
10:30 US Crude Oil Inventories — est. -1.900M, prev. -0.913M
Thu Apr 23
08:30 US Initial Jobless Claims — est. 212K, prev. 207K
09:45 US S&P Global Manufacturing PMI (Apr) — est. 52.5, prev. 52.3
09:45 US S&P Global Services PMI (Apr) — est. 50.1, prev. 49.8
Macro Snapshot
09:55 ET
Indicator Value Change
2Y Yield 3.81% +0bps
10Y Yield 4.28% -1bps
Spread +47bps Flattening
DXY 98.36 -0.05%
VIX/3M 0.90 Contango
HY OAS 6.71% +0.04%
BZ–WTI 0.9877
$94.45 · $95.63
z -2.77 · Long spread · ρ 92%
GDXJ–GLD 0.2906
$126.86 · $436.60
z +0.43 · Neutral · ρ 84%
BTC $78,782 +3.2%
ETH $2,414 +3.7%
ETH/BTC 0.0306
Sector Rotation · Today
09:54 ET
Energy
+1.21%
XLE
Utilities
+0.93%
XLU
Health Care
+0.86%
XLV
Materials
+0.81%
XLB
Technology
+0.76%
XLK
Industrials
+0.60%
XLI
Cons. Discr.
+0.56%
XLY
Communication
+0.49%
XLC
Cons. Staples
+0.49%
XLP
Financials
+0.40%
XLF
Real Estate
+0.30%
XLRE
In today's RECOVERY regime, we're seeing a defensive tilt with Utilities and Health Care outperforming, while Energy surprisingly leads, as Financials lag.
Regime Timeline
HMM Regime Detection — SPY 90-day timeline
From the Desk · RECOVERY Day 8 (prev. close)
“The market remains in a RECOVERY regime for 8 days, with the S&P 500 up 0.64% and Nasdaq up 0.75% from the previous close, as the Fed is expected to hold the Fed Funds Rate at 3.50%-3.75% through September. Worth watching is the divergence between the expected steady interest rates and the US PCE inflation projected to decline from 3.7% in Q2 to 3.2% in Q4, suggesting potential easing in inflation pressures.”
— The MOS Quantitative Desk
Policy Risk Monitor — @realDonaldTrump
“How can the Democrats not like how the U.S. Supreme Court votes. The Democrat Justices stick together like glue, NEVER failing to wander from the warped and perverse policies, ideas, and cases put before them. They ALWAYS vote as a group, or BLOCK, even that new, Low IQ person, that somehow found her way to the bench (Sleepy Joe!). The Republican Justices don’t stick together, they give the Democrats win after win, like a 159 Billion Dollar pile of cash on a completely ridiculous Tariff decision, and nasty, one sided questions on the country destroying subject of Birthright Citizenship, something which virtually NO OTHER COUNTRY IN THE WORLD IS STUPID ENOUGH TO ALLOW. It was meant for the babies of slaves, not for the babies of Chinese Billionaires. No, certain “Republican” Justices have just gone weak, stupid, and bad, completely violating what they “supposedly” stood for. Handing over 159 Billion Dollars in Tariff refunds to people who have been Ripping Off our Country for years, is unexplainable. One little sentence would have stoped this record setting payment from having to be made. It is a travesty! Their Tariff decision was an unnecessary and expensive slap in the face to the U.S.A., and a giant victory for its opponents. If they rule against our Country on Birthright Citizenship, which they probably will, it will be even worse, if that’s possible. It will cost America massive amounts of money but, more importantly, it will cost America its DIGNITY! No, the Radical Left Democrats don’t need to “Pack the Court,” it’s already Packed! President DONALD J. TRUMP”
10m ago
$DXY$FXI$SPY$UUP
“RT @realDonaldTrumpIran is collapsing financially! They want the Strait of Hormuz opened immediately- Starving for cash! Losing 500 Million Dollars a day. Military and Police complaining that they are not getting paid. SOS!!!”
9h ago
$DXY$USO$UUP$XLE
“Iran is collapsing financially! They want the Strait of Hormuz opened immediately- Starving for cash! Losing 500 Million Dollars a day. Military and Police complaining that they are not getting paid. SOS!!!”
10h ago
$DXY$USO$UUP$XLE
“Terrible!https://justthenews.com/accountability/whistleblowers/ided-witness-2-helped-ukraine-whistleblower-worked-strzok-wrote-2016”
10h ago
$WEATDefenseEnergy
“Salena Zito: Trump has a way with Pennsylvania. This interview shows why.https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2025/11/19/trump-interview-pennsylvania-steel-tariffs/”
11h ago
$CLF$FXI$NUE$SPY
Crowd Signal
250 posts · 5 subs · 09:54 ET
Trending tickers across Reddit · r/wallstreetbets · r/stocks · r/options · r/thetagang · r/StockMarket
Scoring: mention count × cross-sub breadth · pts = upvotes · N/M subs = appeared in N of M subreddits scanned
ANY mixed 30
“White girls gave up lattes and leggings but will NEVER give up their Birkenstock…”
WSB 48 pts · 5/5 subs
SPY mixed 18
“Bers when SPY loses 13-day win streak”
WSB 1376 pts · 5/5 subs
NVDA mixed 13
“2M Gain, $27 NVDA, Not even sure what to do with this.”
WSB 1421 pts · 5/5 subs
NICE mixed 11
“I started investing 5 years ago, and I’m still in the red.”
STK 461 pts · 5/5 subs
CAT bullish 11
“Bers when SPY loses 13-day win streak”
WSB 1376 pts · 2/5 subs
AREN mixed 11
“CRWV short calls aren’t doing well”
WSB 22 pts · 5/5 subs
WISH mixed 10
“Good bye Wallstreet ❤️ Thank you guys for everything…”
WSB 29864 pts · 5/5 subs
AMZN bearish 10
“The Circle Jerk Will Continue Until Morale Improves”
WSB 1207 pts · 5/5 subs
Insider Wire
1450 Form 4s filed · 09:52 ET
Notable open-market transactions · SEC EDGAR · 2026-04-17 to 2026-04-22
Tech executives are dumping shares ahead of earnings, with notable sales in Dell and Roku, while Magnetar exits CrowdStrike, signaling potential sector profit-taking in RECOVERY regime.
Ticker Insider Value
SELL CRWV Magnetar Financial LLC Insider $166.2M
SELL DELL SLTA IV (GP), L.L.C. Insider $81.3M
SELL DELL SLTA V (GP), L.L.C. Insider $81.3M
SELL DELL SLTA V (GP), L.L.C. Insider $67.5M
SELL ALAB Mohan Jitendra Chief Executive Officer $57.9M
SELL ROKU Collier Charles President, Roku Media $23.7M
Short Interest Monitor
25 scanned · 09:55 ET
FINRA short interest via Yahoo · ~10 days (FINRA via Yahoo) · squeeze risk = SI% × days-to-cover
Ticker SI % DTC MoM Squeeze
SPHR 34.9% 7.1d +3.7% HIGH
UPST 33.3% 5.4d +11.0% HIGH
BYND 31.0% 5.2d -1.3% HIGH
SMCI 18.5% 1.9d -2.2% ELEVATED
GME 15.3% 11.1d -4.3% ELEVATED
AMC 15.3% 3.4d -28.4% ELEVATED
CVNA 14.6% 5.3d +16.9% MODERATE
RIVN 13.3% 4.9d +0.6% MODERATE
Phantom Float · Squeeze Setup Monitor
30 scanned · 1 red · 2 yellow
Structural: 13D/G concentration + put-ladder + SI over real-float (pre-wired setup). Ignition: intraday grind fingerprint + FINRA short-volume flow (live squeeze). Archegos / VW / CAR pattern.
Ticker Struct Ignit Hldrs SI/real Flags Bucket
CAR 0.72 0.45 78% 146% COVERELEVLADDER RED
LCID 0.62 0.10 76% 100% ELEV YELLOW
CVNA 0.60 0.10 106% 100% ELEV YELLOW
Ignition Watch · pre-squeeze fuel building
No structural lock-up yet, but tape + FINRA short-flow show shorts aggressively adding into a rally. Pre-wired squeeze fuel.
BYND ign 0.45 COVERELEV 20d +44% · SSVR -4.7pt
BIRD ign 0.25 ADDELEV 20d +144% · SSVR +9.0pt
APLD ign 0.15 ADD 20d +13% · SSVR +2.7pt
UPST ign 0.15 ADD 20d +25% · SSVR +5.3pt
QBTS ign 0.15 ADD 20d +13% · SSVR +14.7pt
Market Headlines
8 sources · 09:52 ET
MOO Imbalance
FJ 21m ago
A MOO imbalance suggests a potential short-term price movement due to an order flow imbalance. Monitor order flow data and market depth for confirmation of the imbalance and its impact. If the imbalance is quickly absorbed, it may not have a significant market impact.
FJ Fed to hold Fed Funds Rate at 3.50%-3.75% range through September, said 56 of 103 economists vs 56 of 82 predicted at least one cut by then in late March - Poll.
The Fed's decision to hold the Fed Funds Rate at 3.50%-3.75% through September may lead to USD strength and yield curve adjustments. Keep an eye on economic data releases to see if they align with or contradict this expectation, which could shift market expectations for future rate decisions.
1h ago
FT Middle East crisis as it happened: Trump extends ceasefire, Iran accuses US of violating international law over vessel seizure
The extension of the ceasefire in the Middle East crisis, coupled with Iran's accusations against the US, may lead to risk-off sentiment and safe-haven asset buying. Monitor developments in the conflict, as escalation could result in a significant impact on global economic growth and asset prices.
15h ago
FJ US PCE inflation to average 3.7% in Q2, 3.4% in Q3 and 3.2% in Q4 (3.3%, 3.1% and 2.9% in the late March poll) - Poll.
The expected increase in US PCE inflation could lead to adjustments in yield curves and inflation expectations. As inflation data releases provide more information, market expectations for economic growth and monetary policy may shift, affecting asset prices.
1h ago
FJ Canada's Trade Minister LeBlanc: 232 tariffs likely to remain but adjustments possible.
Canada's Trade Minister LeBlanc's statement that 232 tariffs are likely to remain, but with possible adjustments, may lead to a reaction in CAD and trade-sensitive assets. Keep an eye on trade negotiation updates and policy statements for further guidance on trade policy.
41m ago
BBG What's Happening In Iran War? Trump Extends Truce with Talks In Limbo | The Pulse 4/22
The ongoing Iran-US conflict, with the truce still in place but talks in limbo, maintains the risk of escalation and its associated market impact. Monitor significant developments in the conflict, as de-escalation or escalation could have a substantial effect on safe-haven assets, oil prices, and global economic growth.
1h ago
FJ Canada's Trade Minister LeBlanc: American preference was to begin talks bilaterally. 47m ago
FJ UK's Chancellor Reeves: Underlining banks economic stability is government priority. 3h ago
Financial Wire
Top 5 · AI digest · 09:52 ET
FJ Iran Talks Possible Friday
Iran-US talks may impact crude prices and risk sentiment.
6m ago
FJ Fed Rate Hold Expected
Fed to hold rates steady through September, affecting market risk.
1h ago
FJ Crude Supply in Focus
Iran's naval blockade and oil transit impact crude prices.
1h ago
FJ ECB on Economic Growth
ECB's Lane comments on euro economy and AI adoption.
1h ago
FJ Global Economic Risks
Geopolitical tensions and economic data impact market sentiment.
2h ago
Source: FinancialJuice · 40 flashes scanned
Research Digest
09:54 ET
LRCX $259.70 -0.4% Bullish
Composite 69 1M +10.7% 3M +13.1% 1Y +314.1% UP
Technology $326B P/E 36.3 β 1.79 SI 2.5% Target $281 Rev 22%
Lam Research (LRCX) reports earnings soon, with analysts expecting $1.36 EPS and $5.75 billion in sales. The stock has a composite score of 69/100 and a trend UP, with 1M and 3M returns of +10.7% and +13.1%, respectively. Risks include potential disruption to chip demand and competition from Chinese rivals.
INV Dow Jones Futures Rise As Trump Extends Iran Ceasefire; Tesla Earnings Due
INV 36 S&P 500 Stocks Blew Away Tim Cook's Apple With Less Fanfare
MT Persian Gulf Ceasefire Lifts Wall Street Pre-Bell; Asia Mixed, Europe Off
NVDA $200.07 -0.3% Bearish
Technology $4.9T P/E 17.8 β 2.33 SI 1.2% Target $269 Rev 73%
Nvidia faces increased competition from Google's new AI chips, which could erode its market share. Google's move comes as Nvidia's rally has stalled, with the stock selling off from $202 to around $165. The market may be mispricing the sustainability of Nvidia's high revenue growth, currently at 73%, given rising competition.
YHO Google announces 2 AI chips as competition with Nvidia heats up
QUA SpaceX secures option to buy AI coding startup Cursor for $60B
24/ Nvidia’s Rally Is Over
SATS $122.68 -2.6% Bullish
Communication Services $35B P/E -1076.1 β 1.00 SI 28.9% Target $130 Rev -4%
EchoStar (SATS) surged 23.0% over the past 30 days and 20.4% year-to-date, with a recent $30 million stake taken by an investor. The stock trades at a forward P/E of -1076.1, with 28.9% short interest and a $130 analyst target. Ergen's SpaceX windfall could net billions, but unprofitable stocks like SATS, with a -4% revenue growth, pose risks.
SIM Is It Too Late To Consider EchoStar (SATS) After Its Multi Year Surge?
STO 3 Unprofitable Stocks That Fall Short
YHO How Charlie Ergen's SpaceX windfall could net billions
Options · Portfolio · Actionable Picks
Earnings This Week
Apr 22 – May 06 · 09:55 ET
Ticker Date Exp. Move
LLY Apr 30 N/A
Investors will watch Eli Lilly's (LLY) upcoming earnings on Apr 30 to gauge the impact of recent deals, such as the one with Kelonia Therapeutics, on its growth prospects.
AXTI Apr 30 N/A
Investors should watch AXT's upcoming earnings on Apr 30 for updates on the company's AI-focused Indium Phosphide expansion and its impact on the stock's volatile performance.
AAPL Apr 30 ☽ N/A
Apple's stock may react to its upcoming earnings report on April 30, as investors await updates on the company's performance amid a potentially shifting tech sector landscape.
BTSG May 01 ☀ N/A
Investors should watch BTSG's upcoming earnings on May 01 to see if the company's growth trajectory remains intact after its 185% one-year rally.
XOM May 01 ☀ N/A
ExxonMobil's stock may react to its upcoming earnings report on May 01, as investors assess the company's performance amid a changing energy market landscape.
Analyst Moves
09:55 ET
Ticker Rating Buy / Hold / Sell Period
NVDA Buy 66 / 4 / 1 2026-04-01
AMZN Buy 71 / 5 / 0 2026-04-01
WMT Buy 44 / 4 / 0 2026-04-01
AUGO Buy 11 / 1 / 0 2026-04-01
CNL Buy 10 / 1 / 0 2026-04-01
MSFT Buy 59 / 6 / 0 2026-04-01
META Buy 64 / 8 / 0 2026-04-01
AAPL Buy 37 / 15 / 2 2026-04-01
IPO Calendar
09:55 ET
Date Company Range Size
Apr 22 NHP National Healthcare Properties, Inc. — $708M
Apr 22 YSWY Yesway, Inc. — $369M
Apr 22 EMI Encore Medical, Inc. — $17M
Apr 23 ELMT Elmet Group Co. — $124M
Apr 24 XE X-Energy, Inc. — $936M
Apr 28 BWGC BW Industrial Holdings Inc. — $21M
Apr 29 PS PERSHING SQUARE HOLDCO, L.P. — —
May 05 RIKU RIKU DINING GROUP Ltd — $34M
Unusual Options Volume
15 scanned · 09:55 ET
Ticker Total Vol Calls Puts P/C Hottest Strike
SPY 1,687,865 768,681 919,184
1.20
$710C 104,962 vol
SPY: Elevated put buying, P/C ratio of 1.20 suggests bearish hedging ahead of potential market volatility.
QQQ 1,099,534 467,460 632,074
1.35
$647C 87,465 vol
QQQ: Aggressive call buying at $647C, but high P/C ratio of 1.35 indicates mixed flow with hedging.
TSLA 735,101 368,432 366,669
1.00
$390C 65,579 vol
TSLA: Neutral P/C ratio of 1.00 and hot $390C suggests bullish bets, but no clear directional signal.
NVDA 688,291 365,207 323,084
0.88
$202C 133,988 vol
NVDA: Call buying leads, low P/C ratio of 0.88 implies bullish positioning, driven by $202C activity.
AMD 333,846 210,339 123,507
0.59
$285C 31,888 vol
AMD: Call-heavy flow with low P/C ratio of 0.59 indicates bullish bets, particularly at $285C strike.
Income Plays
09:54 ET
VRT CSP Best Quality Very High · max 3% $117B · Earnings Apr 22 · Div 8.0%
$260P 25 DTE +28.9% ann. +16.1% OTM Δ 0.17 POP 83%
Vertiv Holdings is set to report Q1 earnings, with options traders expecting a 9.16% move in VRT stock, according to TipRanks.
AXTI CSP Craziest Return Moderate · max 1.5% $4B · Earnings Apr 30
$70P 25 DTE +241.9% ann. +10.5% OTM Δ 0.28 POP 72%
AXTI is down 12.8% after boosting share capacity to fund AI-focused indium phosphide expansion, according to Yahoo Finance.
CLS CSP Safest High · max 2% $47B · Earnings Apr 27
$320P 25 DTE +27.4% ann. +20.0% OTM Δ 0.15 POP 85%
Bank of America forecasts strong price appreciation for Celestica (NYSE:CLS) stock, potentially driving the stock's momentum, according to a MarketBeat report.
MRVL CC Best Quality High · max 2% $133B · Earnings May 28 · Div 16.0%
$160C 25 DTE +52.6% ann. +8.8% OTM Δ 0.07 POP 93%
Marvell Technology's stock is soaring due to a potential partnership that has added $5B to its market cap, according to thestreet.com.
AXTI CC Craziest Return Low · max 1% $4B · Earnings Apr 30
$79C 25 DTE +298.0% ann. +5.0% OTM Δ 0.20 POP 80%
AXTI is down 12.8% after boosting share capacity to fund AI-focused indium phosphide expansion, according to Yahoo Finance.
CLS CC Safest High · max 2% $47B · Earnings Apr 27
$450C 39 DTE +54.0% ann. +12.4% OTM Δ 0.05 POP 95%
Bank of America forecasts strong price appreciation for Celestica (NYSE:CLS) stock, potentially driving the stock's momentum, according to a MarketBeat report.
Portfolio Hedge
SPY $709 · QQQ $650 · VIX 19.1
Optimal single-put hedge for a $100K portfolio · β-matched sizing for uniform protection across -5% to -20% · roll every 60 days
✓ VIX 19.1 — Below 22.0 threshold. Puts are cheap — good time to hedge.
SPY Puts
Profile Strike Exp Qty Prem Cost Ann %
Defensive
β=0.65
$705P 60d 1 $18.71 $1,871 11.4%
Balanced ●
β=0.85
$725P 60d 1 $35.94 $3,594 21.9%
Aggressive
β=1.10
$690P 60d 2 $14.51 $2,902 17.7%
Scenario: 1× SPY $725P 60d (β=0.85 portfolio)
Scenario SPY Coverage NLV
Pullback -5% $674 121% $97,290
Correction -10% $638 102% $96,585
Bear leg -15% $603 96% $95,881
Crash -20% $567 93% $95,176
QQQ Puts
Profile Strike Exp Qty Prem Cost Ann %
Defensive
β=0.65
$555P 56d 1 $163.03 $16,303 106.3%
Balanced ●
β=0.85
$555P 56d 1 $163.03 $16,303 106.3%
Aggressive
β=1.10
$555P 56d 2 $163.03 $32,606 212.5%
Scenario: 1× QQQ $555P 56d (β=0.85 portfolio)
Scenario QQQ Coverage NLV
Pullback -5% $617 0% $79,447
Correction -10% $585 0% $75,197
Bear leg -15% $552 2% $71,227
Crash -20% $520 21% $70,226
One near-ATM put per 100 shares of β-adjusted exposure · roll at 30d remaining · near-ATM strikes provide uniform -5% to -20% coverage unlike OTM ladders · 09:54 ET
April 2026 Picks — SD50 Portfolio (MTD)
Apr 01 – Apr 22 (MTD) · Hit rate: 33/41 · Avg return: +10.5% · YTD: +13.3%
Systematic monthly portfolio · 5 low-correlation signal streams spanning large-cap quality, broad-universe value, thematic momentum, high-volatility mean-reversion, and static hedges · multi-timeframe scoring across 7,000+ symbols · no discretionary overrides
 
Live Track Record · since 2025-07 · 9 months
Return +59.2% Ann. 85.9% Sharpe 2.96 Max DD -8.0%
Win% 89% Alpha +78.0% SPY +5.9% $100K → $159,231
Full backtest · 2017-01–2026-03 · 111 months
Total 2,486% Ann. 42.1% Sharpe 1.69 Max DD -16.7%
Win% 71% Alpha +30.5% SPY 178% $100K → $2,585,521
Growth of $100K — SD50 Portfolio vs benchmarks
Chart not visible? View on web
Ticker Wt% Return
XOM 14.2% -6.8%
WMT 13.8% +3.8%
JNJ 13.8% -7.1%
CNL 7.5% +11.5%
AUGO 6.5% +15.4%
FDX 5.1% +8.8%
EOG 3.6% -4.2%
EMEQ 3.1% +16.1%
NDSN 2.5% +5.4%
GEV 2.4% +25.5%
BTSG 2.2% +10.3%
MU 1.9% +25.7%
PCAR 1.8% +7.9%
SPHR 1.7% +6.9%
AAOI 1.7% +70.7%
TPR 1.2% +4.2%
DNTH 1.2% +8.6%
LQDA 1.2% -2.0%
LGCY 1.0% +4.3%
GLD 0.9% -0.3%
COST 0.9% +0.7%
 
Ticker Wt% Return
LLY 0.9% -3.7%
PGR 0.9% +7.4%
TERN 0.8% +0.1%
TBN 0.8% -21.1%
PSI 0.7% +26.0%
MUX 0.6% +14.8%
DTCR 0.6% +15.1%
BRK.B 0.5% -1.8%
AVGO 0.5% +29.4%
NVDA 0.5% +13.7%
MSFT 0.5% +16.0%
AMZN 0.5% +19.7%
META 0.5% +16.1%
AAPL 0.5% +5.2%
GOOGL 0.5% +13.4%
TSLA 0.5% +2.3%
JPM 0.5% +7.0%
MKOR 0.4% +20.6%
ANAB 0.4% +36.3%
AGX 0.4% +7.7%
Important Disclosures
The MOS Regime Inference is powered by a proprietary quantitative engine utilizing a Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) Hidden Markov Model ensemble. It combines Bayesian probabilistic state detection with deep learning sequence models across dozens of cross-asset features to identify structural market shifts and early-warning crisis indicators. This model is experimental and subject to inherent statistical uncertainties.
Timing. The issue date above is the publication (send) date. The regime badge, regime_latest.json snapshot, and embedded regime timeline chart are produced when this issue is built: we run hmm_validation_suite.py --inference at the start of that pipeline using the latest trading rows then available in the price cache (often through the prior U.S. session close when today’s full session bar is not yet in the panel). Running inference again later the same day can change SPY, VIX, PBT, and leverage readouts. The timeline chart is a rolling ~90-day view frozen at send time; back-to-back archived issues can look very similar when history overlaps.
This newsletter is for informational and educational purposes only and does not constitute investment advice, a recommendation, or a solicitation to buy or sell any security. Options trading involves substantial risk of loss and is not suitable for all investors. Past performance, including backtested results, does not guarantee future returns. Backtested performance has inherent limitations: it is constructed with the benefit of hindsight, does not reflect actual trading, and may not account for all market conditions, transaction costs, or liquidity constraints. The author may hold positions in securities mentioned. All data is believed reliable but accuracy is not guaranteed. Consult a licensed financial advisor before making investment decisions.
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MOS · EST. 2025 · NEW YORK
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